it may be cellular
Also, tackling lifestyle issues like smoking and too much alcohol is important
Integrated stress response activation by sleep fragmentation during late gestation in mice leads to emergence of adverse metabolic phenotype in offspring
Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 16(1):3543 Boland ML, Laker RC, Mather K, Nawrocki A, Oldham S, Boland BB, Lewis H, Conway J, Naylor J, Guionaud S, Feigh M, Veidal SS, Lantier L, McGuinness OP, Grimsby J, Rondinone CM, Jermutus L, Larsen MR, Trevaskis JL, Rhodes CJ (2020) Resolution of NASH and hepatic fibrosis by the GLP-1R/GcgR dual-agonist Cotadutide via modulating mitochondrial function and lipogenesis
The route of administration itself modifies the base profile only to a limited degree, because the gastrointestinal effects are receptor-mediated and not application-specific